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Depression Treatment Advancements

While effective treatments for depression treatment resistant are available however, researchers are developing new and more effective ways to treat the condition. This special Research in Context feature will explore some of these advancements in depression treatment.

Psychotherapy can help ease depression symptoms by educating the person how to handle negative feelings and thoughts. Talk therapy can be done one-on-one with a mental health professional or in group settings.

Precision mental healthcare

Precision is the ability to be more precise or precise in diagnosis, prevention and treatment methods. In the case of mental health, this includes a variety of approaches including psychotherapy and medications. A lot of these strategies focus on the symptoms of the disorder rather than the root causes. This can result in treatments that do nothing more than ease symptoms, but don't address the underlying factors that lead to mental illness in the beginning.

Fortunately, the field of precision mental health is rapidly evolving. It's akin to the methods taken in other areas which includes continuous monitoring of important indicators (e.g. fever or blood pressure) into clinical practice. It also includes combining multiple sources of data and applying machine learning to aid physicians better understand a patient's specific needs and create more efficient treatment plans.

Precision psychiatry utilizes EEG to assess brain function and assess a patient's ability to engage cognitive therapy for behavioral problems. A new class of drugs referred to as NMDA receptor inhibitors can reduce symptoms of depression by preventing the neurotransmitter, glutamate, from reaching certain brain cell. Pharmacogenetic testing can be used to detect drug-gene interaction and prevent unfavorable effects.

In addition, a lot of companies are exploring digital precision psychiatry. This is a method that uses objective digital technologies to monitor patients remotely and gather real-time data that aids in guiding the treatment they receive. For example, one company is leveraging artificial intelligence to monitor compliance and optimize medication dosages for their depression patients. These kinds of solutions have the potential to dramatically improve the accessibility and effectiveness of mental healthcare and also increase the compliance to treatment.

Digital precision psychiatry, specifically, can help people with mental illness overcome barriers to treatment, especially those who are employed. Johnson & Johnson, for instance, is working with organizations in Singapore to help facilitate the reintegration of workers recovering from depression back into their workplaces. This can help them maintain their job, which is vital for the recovery of mental health.

Medication

Many people who suffer from depression find that medication helps ease their symptoms. This is especially when the symptoms are intense or incapacitating. Antidepressants help restore the balance of neurotransmitters which are chemical messengers within the brain that regulate mood and emotions. Most current antidepressants target one of these neurotransmitters, boosting levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs), like Prozac and Zoloft increase the amount of serotonin chemical within the brain. The SNRIs like Cymbalta, Effexor and Cymbalta are able to target both norepinephrine and dopamine. Monoamine oxidase inhibitions such as Wellbutrin target only dopamine and norepinephrine.

The majority of doctors prescribe antidepressants to combat depression as a primary treatment, as well as talk therapy. Some of these therapies are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which helps improve the quality of your thoughts and feelings by teaching specific skills, or psychotherapy for interpersonal relationships (which is focused on improving relationships). Other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are also known to have been proven to be effective in treating depression.

Unfortunately, some people don't respond to the first medications that doctors prescribe. Up to one-third of patients suffering from depression don't receive relief from the first medication they take and 40 percent of those who begin taking antidepressants stop them after three months. Recent research has enabled doctors to predict which medications is most effective for a person through blood or MRI testing to determine which receptors are most affected by depression.

Medication has improved in recent years with more options and better doses to help minimize side effects. For instance, the newest antidepressants like esketamine (Spravato) and the brexanolone (Auvelity) and Nefazodone (Sertraline) are designed to rapidly alleviate depression symptoms by stimulating glutamate activity in the brain.

Other medications are in clinical trials that could alter the method of their use. A drug called vorapaxar, which is currently being tested in humans, targets a distinct part of the brain that's associated with depression, by blocking NMDA receptors. It's expected to become available in 2024. The combination of ketamine and bupropion has also demonstrated potential. It could be more effective at treating depression resistant to treatment.

Psychotherapy

Psychologists have identified certain factors that contribute to depression. These include imbalances in the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. These chemicals play an essential function in regulating mood, emotions and overall brain function. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are the main treatment options. They can alleviate many symptoms of depression including fatigue, depressed feelings and sleep issues. However, they aren't without adverse effects that can cause them to be unsuitable for certain people.

Psychotherapy can be used to address the causes of depression and help individuals cope better. Different types of therapy have been proven to decrease symptoms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and the ketamine infusion therapy. Psychotherapy can also help people learn a healthier coping style and help them manage stressors. Cost, scheduling restrictions, and a shortage in mental health professionals can hinder access to psychotherapy. Telehealth services have improved access for many people.

Finding the best treatment combination is key to overcoming depression. It could take up 12 to 12 weeks before you know whether your medication is effective. A single dose of medication may not be enough to treat the symptoms. There are a variety of nonpharmacologic treatment options, including transcranial magnet stimulation, which is a repetitive process, and vagus nervous stimulation. These treatments employ electromagnetic fields to stimulate the brain's natural chemistry and enhance mood.

If you're thinking of trying psychotherapy or medication, it's essential to work closely with your therapist. Discuss your thoughts and feelings, and the risks and side effects associated with each option. Find a service that will meet your needs when you're having trouble establishing trust with your therapist or doctor. You can also select a provider who offers an opportunity to try a trial at no cost. This allows you to experiment with different strategies before you commit. You'll eventually find the best treatment for you and makes you feel and look your most at your best.

Brain stimulation

In a few short years, scientists have come up with new techniques to target specific areas of the brain, and rapidly change how they function. These methods can be used to treat depression and other mental disorders as well as some physical illnesses.

rTMS is a technique which employs electromagnetic pulses to stimulate brain activity. It is similar to the magnetic pulses used in MRIs, but is not powerful enough to cause seizures. The technique is based on stimulating a specific part of the brain using a painless magnet. The pulses alter the way your brain communicates and make it easier to feel better. The treatment only takes 3.5 minutes and does not disrupt your daily routine. It is possible to experience a mild headache following the treatment.

Another treatment resistant depression treatment involves putting electrodes into the brain to send electrical zaps. Deep transcranial stimulation (deep-TMS) is a treatment for depression that has been used to treat OCD and stop smoking cigarettes. Recent studies suggest that it could reduce depression symptoms in some individuals. It's not known what the effect of this treatment is, but it appears to alter the balance of certain Neurotransmitters.

Other types of noninvasive brain stimulation are growing, too. In a recent study, patients suffering from severe depression private treatment and intolerance to antidepressants reacted well to a treatment using magnetics called SAINT. It is personalized to each patient's specific brain anatomy and employs high-dose magnetic pulse patterns. The treatment can be delivered within a couple of hours, unlike previous treatments that required daily sessions spread over weeks or months.

The researchers used fMRI to pinpoint exactly the region of the brain being stimulated in every patient. They also studied minute variations in the activation of the various brain regions, which helped determine the direction of the signals. They found that in patients suffering from depression the brain's anterior cingulate cortex was sending signals to an area called the subgenual cingulate cortex. But these messages were often misdirected and the more severe the depression, the greater number of these incorrect signals were.