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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different kinds of beans have different flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular light roast coffee beans with 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavors. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats became more energetic after eating the fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty unroasted coffee beans shops and roasters are focused on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that are suitable for many different brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more durable than the arabica and can be grown in less favorable climates. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and preserve quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be achieved by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with the smoky notes. They are paired with other types of coffee decaf beans coffee (listen to this podcast) to give them a richer, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered to be a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also less heavy on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have an unusual richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee bean shop beans Excelsa beans aren't as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were regarded as a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're often used in blends to add body and a full tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They have a little acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular bulk buy coffee beans worldwide, and makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Now that you know the four most common types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect coffee. If you're looking for a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.